Chyme (which is partially digested food, water, acids, and enzymes) then enters the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter. While passing through the duodenum (the fist ten inches of the small intestine) chyme is mixed with bile (helps break down fats), pancreatic juices, and the intestinal enzymes: maltase, lactase, and sucrase (helps break down sugars). As food passes through the small intestine, nutrients are passed through the intestine walls into hair shaped structures called villa. Villa widens the absorption surface for nutrients. The blood that absorbs the nutrients transports them to liver through the hepatic portal vein. Once in the liver, the nutrients are processed and toxins are filtered out.

Food that does not go through the villa is passed into the large intestine. While in the cecum (the first part of the large intestine), food that could not be broken down reabsorbs water and becomes feces. Feces is then passed through the colon to the rectum, where it is stored. Eventually, feces is released from the rectum through the exterior sphincter called the anus.

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